Transparency
Official sources
espuni is built on publicly available EU specifications and reference implementations. These are the primary sources.
Sources & provenance
Every technical and regulatory claim on this site is sourced from publicly available material: EU regulations published on EUR-Lex, official European Commission guidance and policy pages, and open-source reference implementations published by the EU Digital Identity Wallet consortium and the OpenWallet Foundation. No proprietary, confidential, or non-public information from any organization — including any current or past employer of espuni's team — is used in this content.
Legal framework
Digital Services Act — full text
Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 — complete legislative text on EUR-Lex
Article 28 DSA — Online protection of minors
The specific article requiring age verification measures for platforms accessible to minors
European Commission Guidelines on Article 28(1) DSA
Commission guidelines published 14 July 2025 on age verification and protection of minors
EU Age Verification Blueprint
ageverification.dev — technical portal
Main reference portal for the EU Age Verification Blueprint specification and tooling
The EU approach to age verification
European Commission policy page on age verification
Commission releases enhanced second version of the blueprint
Official announcement of the v2 EU Age Verification Blueprint release
The Age Verification Manual
Technical and operational manual hosted on the EU Digital Identity Wallet wiki
Reference implementations (GitHub)
Technical specification
Official AV technical specification repository
Android reference app
Reference Android wallet UI implementation for EU Age Verification
iOS reference app
Reference iOS wallet UI implementation for EU Age Verification
Reference issuer (OID4VCI)
Reference OID4VCI-based credential issuer for the AV Blueprint
Reference verifier UI
Reference verifier web UI for the EU Age Verification Blueprint
EUDI Wallet ecosystem (broader context)
EUDI Wallet implementation
European Commission policy page on the EU Digital Identity Wallet implementation
Infrastructure espuni runs on
EUDIPLO (OpenWallet Foundation)
Open-source OID4VP middleware by the OpenWallet Foundation — the verifier engine powering espuni